Modular multiplication method with precomputation using one known operand
Granted: September 20, 2011
Patent Number:
8024391
A modular multiplication method implemented in an electronic digital processing system takes advantage of the case where one of the operands W is known in advance or used multiple times with different second operands V to speed calculation. The operands V and W and the modulus M may be integers or polynomials over a variable X. A possible choice for the type of polynomials can be polynomials of the binary finite field GF(2N). Once operand W is loaded into a data storage location, a value…
Wafer-level integrated circuit package with top and bottom side electrical connections
Granted: September 13, 2011
Patent Number:
8018065
A wafer-level, batch processed, die-sized integrated circuit (IC) package with both top and bottom side electrical connections is disclosed. In one aspect, a number of bonding wires can be attached to bond pads on the top side (active circuit side) of an IC wafer. Trenches can be formed in the wafer at scribe regions and the bonding wires can extend through the trench. The trench can be filled with coating material. The bonding wires can be partially exposed on the top and/or bottom…
Detector based combination regulator
Granted: September 6, 2011
Patent Number:
8013473
Methods and apparatus provide multiple input voltage regulation in which one regulator is selected for operation based on input power conditions. In one example, a dual input voltage regulator system in a combination smart card selects between contact and contactless (e.g., RF) operation based on which power source provides the highest available voltage level. A single transistor drop architecture provides low drop-out voltage regulation capability without substantially increased…
Method for wireless data transmission
Granted: September 6, 2011
Patent Number:
8013716
A method and apparatus for wireless data transmission is provided between a base station and a backscatter-based transponder, in which the transponder generates a presence signal after initialization or at predetermined time intervals, independent of data transmitted by the base station. The presence signal is generated by phase modulation and backscattering of a carrier signal transmitted by the base station.
Apparatus and method for performing efficient multiply-accumulate operations in microprocessors
Granted: September 6, 2011
Patent Number:
8015229
An apparatus for performing multiply-accumulate operations in a microprocessor comprising operand input registers for receiving data to be operated on an adder and a multiplier for performing operations on the data, a result output port for presenting results to the microprocessor, a multiplexer for storing results, an accumulator cache for storing an accumulator value internal to the apparatus, and control circuitry for controlling the operation of the apparatus.
Method and apparatus for ESD protection
Granted: August 30, 2011
Patent Number:
8009396
A technique that minimizes false triggering of an electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit is disclosed. In an embodiment, the resistor-capacitor (RC) time constant of an ESD trigger element is reduced during normal operation minimizing the risk of false triggering. Circuit layout area is saved without the need of a timeout circuit associated with releasing a device maintaining a trigger state (i.e., a trigger latch). A RC time constant for triggering is set in an operational…
Laser driver circuit, method for controlling a laser driver circuit, and use
Granted: August 30, 2011
Patent Number:
8009710
A laser driver circuit comprising an amplifier device with a plurality of switchable subamplifiers, which can be or are connected to an output for connection of a laser, ith an analog switching device for switching of analog input signals, a plurality of analog inputs for the analog input signals, a plurality of control inputs for receiving digital control signals, wherein each switchable subamplifier has a switching device for switching the amplification by one of the digital control…
Circuit
Granted: August 23, 2011
Patent Number:
8004353
A circuit and an adjusting method with a differential amplifier and with a control circuit, wherein the differential amplifier has a first amplifier transistor which for amplifying an input signal of the differential amplifier is connected in a first branch of the differential amplifier, wherein the differential amplifier has a second amplifier transistor which for amplifying the input signal of the differential amplifier is connected in a second branch of the differential amplifier,…
Voltage regulator for memory
Granted: August 23, 2011
Patent Number:
8004924
A circuit includes a first negative feed back loop coupled to a virtual Vvdd power rail and a true Vdd power rail. A second negative feed back loop is coupled to the virtual Vvss power rail and a true Vss power rail. The virtual rail to virtual rail voltage difference is regulated at the highest threshold voltage between pull-up and pull-down transistors of a memory cell.
Dummy write operations
Granted: August 23, 2011
Patent Number:
8006045
A dummy write operation is disclosed that mimics an actual write operation to a memory array. In some implementations, a dummy write operation mimics an actual write operation by starting a charge pump, selecting a correct data line in the memory array, and by following the sequencing of an actual write operation. By mimicking an actual write operation, an attacker cannot use power analysis to distinguish between dummy and actual write operations. For example, PIN comparison operations…
Method for access control
Granted: August 16, 2011
Patent Number:
7999659
A method for access control to at least one memory area of a passive and/or backscatter-based transponder is provided. In the method for access control, depending on an identification selection criterion, a first or at least one second identification within the transponder is activated, the activated identification upon an appropriate request by reader unit is transmitted to said unit, the at least one memory area of the transponder is divided into memory blocks with a settable size,…
Detection unit and method for the detection of data symbols
Granted: August 16, 2011
Patent Number:
8000380
A detection unit is disclosed for the detection of data symbols contained in a demodulated signal, whereby band spreading occurs transmit-side with the use of first sequences, whose first chips each assume one of two different first values. The detection unit comprises the following units: a) a sequence providing unit, which is designed to provide a group of second sequences with at least one second chip, whereby each second sequence is assigned to a first sequence and each second chip…
Controlling bias current for an analog to digital converter
Granted: August 16, 2011
Patent Number:
7999714
A converter includes an analog to digital converter having a bias current input, a control input, and an analog input to provide a digital output as a function of the analog input. A bias module is coupled to the bias current input to provide bias current to the analog to digital converter. A controller is coupled to the bias module and to the control input of the analog to digital converter. The controller controls the analog to digital converter to sample an analog input and controls…
Auto trimming oscillator
Granted: August 9, 2011
Patent Number:
7994866
An auto trimming oscillator includes a Successive Approximation Register (SAR), a frequency detector and an n-bit comparator. The SAR is used to iteratively trim the oscillator output clock frequency based on a difference between a reference clock frequency and the oscillator output clock frequency. The oscillator is trimmed to deliver a clock frequency which is a closest match to the reference clock frequency.
Current-controlled hysteretic oscillator
Granted: August 9, 2011
Patent Number:
7994869
The disclosed current-controlled hysteretic oscillator operates by controlled currents opposing each other in differential pairs to set a controlled hysteresis for improved relaxation oscillations with immunity to phase or frequency error.
Method for wireless data transmission and a transponder
Granted: August 9, 2011
Patent Number:
7994921
A method for wireless data transmission, for example for RFID systems, between a base station and a transponder is provided. For wireless data transmission between a base station and a transponder, data are wirelessly and bidirectionally transmitted between the base station and the transponder through a first interface of a first interface type using a first data transmission protocol, and data are wirelessly and bidirectionally transmitted between the base station and the transponder…
Microprocessor instruction that allows system routine calls and returns from all contexts
Granted: August 9, 2011
Patent Number:
7996659
An apparatus comprises register means for storing a return context upon initiation of a supervisor call instruction and restoring means to restore a privilege level and status register upon execution of a supervisor return instruction. The supervisor call instruction can be called from all contexts.
Charge detector
Granted: August 2, 2011
Patent Number:
7990108
The subject matter of this specification can be embodied in, among other things, an apparatus that includes a battery system, which includes at least one cell and a charge enable device to couple the at least one cell to a charging voltage. The apparatus also includes an excessive voltage detector to output a signal to control the charge enable device. The signal prevents charging of the at least one cell if an excessive charging voltage is detected based on an activation of a clamping…
Dual reference phase tracking phase-locked loop
Granted: August 2, 2011
Patent Number:
7990224
A phase-locked loop circuit having a dual-reference input and a phase detector. The dual-reference input is configured to accept both a rising edge of an input clock having a first phase and a falling edge of the input clock having a second phase. The phase detector is coupled to the dual-reference input and is configured to produce a center phase signal based upon and centered in phase between the first and second phases. The phase detector is further configured with a feedback loop to…
Threshold voltage method and apparatus for ESD protection
Granted: August 2, 2011
Patent Number:
7990666
An electrostatic discharge protection circuit comprises a comparator coupled between a power supply terminal and ground. The comparator responds to an electrostatic discharge event producing a trigger signal at a comparator output. The comparator comprises a first and second current mirror. The first and second current mirrors each comprise a sense device and a mirror device. The mirror devices are coupled in series between the power supply terminal and ground. The first mirror device…
