Optical interferometer apparatus and method
Granted: April 26, 2022
Patent Number:
11316675
There is presented optical interferometer apparatus for generating at least a first and a second state for each of at least two different quantum cryptographic basis sets and associated methods for operating the apparatus. First and a second interferometer arm paths and at least two interferometer output paths are provided. Each of the first and second interferometer arm paths; and the first and second optical output paths comprises a controllable phase modulator for controllably…
Optical switches based on induced optical loss
Granted: April 26, 2022
Patent Number:
11314143
An optical switch device includes a first semiconductor structure configured to operate as a first waveguide and a second semiconductor structure configured to operate as a second waveguide. The second semiconductor structure is located above or below the first semiconductor structure and separated from the first semiconductor structure. The second semiconductor structure includes a portion of a first doped region doped with dopants of a first type and a portion of a second doped region…
Interlockable vapor cells
Granted: April 26, 2022
Patent Number:
11313926
In a general aspect, a vapor cell includes a body defined by a stack of layers bonded to each other. The stack of layers includes a first end layer disposed at a first end of the body and a second end layer disposed at a second, opposite end of the body. Intermediate layers extend between the first and second end layers and define an internal cavity extending through the body between the first end layer and the second end layer. The stack of layers also includes first and second sets of…
Photon number resolving superconducting detector
Granted: April 26, 2022
Patent Number:
11313719
A photon detector is provided. The photon detector includes a superconducting wire having a plurality of alternating narrow and wide portions; a current source electrically-coupled to the superconducting wire and configured to supply the superconducting wire with electrical current; and an optical waveguide optically coupled to the plurality of narrow portions of the superconducting wire.
Polymerizing enzymes for sequencing reactions
Granted: April 26, 2022
Patent Number:
11312944
Compositions comprising modified recombinant polymerizing enzymes are provided, along with nucleic acid molecules encoding the modified polymerizing enzymes. In some aspects, methods of using such polymerizing enzymes to synthesize a nucleic acid molecule or to sequence a nucleic acid template are provided.
Adaptive basis selection for encoded fusion measurements
Granted: April 19, 2022
Patent Number:
11308416
A quantum computing system and methods for performing fusion based quantum computing on encoded qubits. A fusion controller sequentially performs a series of fusion measurements on respective physical qubits of first and second encoded qubits to obtain a respective series of classical measurement results. For respective fusion measurements of the series of fusion measurements, a basis for performing the respective fusion measurement is selected based on classical measurement results of…
Vapor cells having stacks of layers defining target three-dimensional volumes for internal cavities
Granted: April 19, 2022
Patent Number:
11307233
In a general aspect, a vapor cell includes a body defined by a stack of layers bonded to each other. The stack of layers includes a first end layer disposed at a first end of the body and a second end layer disposed at a second, opposite end of the body. Intermediate layers extend between the first and second end layers and define an internal cavity extending through the body between the first end layer and the second end layer. Each intermediate layer includes a through-hole that…
Germanium mediated de-oxidation of silicon
Granted: April 12, 2022
Patent Number:
11302528
A method for removing a native oxide film from a semiconductor substrate includes repetitively depositing layers of germanium on the native oxide and heating the substrate causing the layer of germanium to form germanium oxide, desorbing a portion of the native oxide film. The process is repeated until the oxide film is removed. A subsequent layer of strontium titanate can be deposited on the semiconductor substrate, over either residual germanium or a deposited germanium layer. The…
Photonic crystal masers
Granted: April 12, 2022
Patent Number:
11303087
In a general aspect, a photonic crystal maser includes a dielectric body having an array of cavities ordered periodically to define a photonic crystal structure in the dielectric body. The dielectric body also includes a region in the array of cavities defining a defect in the photonic crystal structure. An elongated slot through the region extends from a slot opening in a surface of the dielectric body at least partially through the dielectric body. The array of cavities and the…
Generating radio frequency electromagnetic radiation
Granted: April 12, 2022
Patent Number:
11303086
In a general aspect, a system for generating radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic radiation includes a maser having a photonic crystal structure and a vapor. The photonic crystal structure is formed of dielectric material and includes an array of cavities having a defect region disposed therein and an elongated slot disposed in the defect region. The array of cavities and the elongated slot define a waveguide having a waveguide mode. The vapor is disposed in the elongated slot and…
Low loss high efficiency photonic phase shifter with dielectric electrodes
Granted: April 12, 2022
Patent Number:
11300732
Photonic devices are disclosed including a first cladding layer, a first electrical contact comprising a first lead coupled to a first dielectric portion, a second electrical contact comprising a second lead coupled to a second dielectric portion, a waveguide structure comprising a slab layer comprising a first material, and a second cladding layer. The slab layer may be coupled to the first dielectric portion of the first electrical contact and the second dielectric portion of the…
Vapor cells having an array of cavities therein
Granted: April 12, 2022
Patent Number:
11300599
In a general aspect, a vapor cell includes a body defined by a stack of layers bonded to each other. The stack of layers defines an array of cavities that includes first and second subsets of cavities. The first subset of cavities extends through intermediate layers of the stack of layers and the second subset of cavities extends entirely through the stack of layers. The vapor cell includes a vapor or a source of the vapor disposed in each of the first subset of cavities. The stack of…
Pulsed laser and bioanalytic system
Granted: April 12, 2022
Patent Number:
11299778
Apparatus and methods for producing ultrashort optical pulses are described. A high-power, solid-state, passively mode-locked laser can be manufactured in a compact module that can be incorporated into a portable instrument for biological or chemical analyses. The pulsed laser may produce sub-100-ps optical pulses at a repetition rate commensurate with electronic data-acquisition rates. The optical pulses may excite samples in reaction chambers of the instrument, and be used to generate…
Generating a unique response to a challenge
Granted: April 5, 2022
Patent Number:
11295003
According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a device for generating a unique response to a challenge, the device comprising: a plurality of structures, each structure exhibiting quantum mechanical confinement, and each structure being arranged to provide a unique response when challenged with an electrical measurement, the unique response being linked to the atomic makeup of the structure that defines the quantum mechanical confinement; the device being arranged to…
Thermal diode switch
Granted: March 29, 2022
Patent Number:
11289590
The various embodiments described herein include methods, devices, and systems for fabricating and operating diodes. In one aspect, an electrical circuit includes: (1) a diode component having a particular energy band gap; (2) an electrical source electrically coupled to the diode component and configured to bias the diode component in a particular state; and (3) a heating component thermally coupled to a junction of the diode component and configured to selectively supply heat…
Optical system and assay chip for probing, detecting and analyzing molecules
Granted: March 29, 2022
Patent Number:
11287382
Apparatus and methods for analyzing single molecule and performing nucleic acid sequencing. An apparatus can include an assay chip that includes multiple pixels with sample wells configured to receive a sample, which, when excited, emits emission energy; at least one element for directing the emission energy in a particular direction; and a light path along which the emission energy travels from the sample well toward a sensor. The apparatus also includes an instrument that interfaces…
Photodetector with superconductor nanowire transistor based on interlayer heat transfer
Granted: March 22, 2022
Patent Number:
11283001
A transistor includes (i) a first wire including a semiconducting component configured to operate in an on state at temperatures above a semiconducting threshold temperature and (ii) a second wire including a superconducting component configured to operate in a superconducting state while: a temperature of the superconducting component is below a superconducting threshold temperature and a first input current supplied to the superconducting component is below a current threshold. The…
Producing method of radioisotope and radioisotope producing apparatus
Granted: March 15, 2022
Patent Number:
11276506
There is provided a method of producing a radioisotope with a production time shortened. There is provided a producing method of a radioisotope, the method including: irradiating a target substance with a radiation beam; and extracting the radioisotope which is generated by irradiating the target substance and flowing a gas over the substance to transport the radioisotope in gas phase toward an outlet.
Waveguide couplers for multi-mode waveguides
Granted: March 15, 2022
Patent Number:
11275210
An optical coupler includes a first waveguide including a first multi-mode waveguide section having a cross-section characterized by a first height and a first width that is greater than the first height and a second waveguide including a second multi-mode waveguide section having a cross-section characterized by a second height and a second width that is greater than the second height. The first multi-mode waveguide section is positioned adjacent to the second multi-mode waveguide…
One-time-pad encryption system and methods
Granted: March 8, 2022
Patent Number:
11271724
One-time-pad (OTP) encryption systems and methodologies are resistant to cracking, even by advanced quantum computers. In contrast to some purported solutions, the required elements of an unbreakable OTP system are preserved under Claude Shannon's mathematical proof. In alternative embodiments, the invention uses a secure network to reconstitute blockchain systems without the use of asymmetric encryption. Described extensions of these block chain systems are described which enable an…
